OSL signal resetting in young deposits determined with a pulsed photon‐stimulated luminescence (PPSL) unit

Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) is a technique that can be used for dating geological materials deposited within the last half‐million years, including sediments transported by air, water or gravity, as well as rocks heated at high temperatures. Recently, several studies have shown that OSL can also provide information on sediment transport. The pulsed photon‐stimulated luminescence (PPSL) unit (also known as a portable OSL reader) developed by the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre is an instrument designed to read luminescence signals from bulk (untreated) sediment samples comprising poly‐mineral and poly‐grain fractions. In this contribution, we evaluate the potential of the PPSL unit to assess the degree of OSL signal resetting in 27 young deposits (<2 ka) transported by different geomorphic agents in volcanic, coastal and fluvial depositional settings located in Mexico. Our results are in agreement with previous findings that used the Risø TL/OSL reader, confirming that sediments transported by debrisflows contain the highest inherited luminesce signals. Infrared stimulation (IRSL) values in volcanic ash, lavas, and sand beach and dune deposits exhibit low scatter. However, with blue stimulation (BLSL) these samples reveal a large degree of scattering, attributed to charge transfer in the case of the coastal deposits and to the low sensitivity of quartz in the case of volcanic material. The luminescence signals of fluvial sediments exhibit a highly scattered distribution in both IRSL and BLSL. We conclude that the use of a PPSL unit is a simple approach to assess the degree of OSL signal resetting in deposits sourced from different geological environments. This research contributes to previous studies that have investigated new applications of the PPSL unit to assist in OSL dating of geological materials.     

中国区域高空三种气温、湿度资料交叉对比

本文对比分析了2011—2013年中国区域L波段探空气温、湿度廓线,COSMIC掩星气温、湿度廓线和ERA-Interim再分析资料的气温、湿度廓线之间的差异。对比显示,从时间变化来看,三者之间有很好的正线性相关关系。除10 hPa以上的少数层次外,三种气温资料之间互相吻合较好,彼此偏差范围在±0.4℃之间,偏差标准差在1~2℃,对流层中高层,L波段探空气温受太阳辐射影响较大,气温偏高,与COSMIC相比,L波段探空偏高最高可达到0.64℃。而对于相对湿度,三种数据存在明显差异。对流层中低层到对流层顶L波段探空存在不同程度的偏干,且有较明显的昼夜、季节和区域差异:白天、春夏季和南方潮湿气候区域偏干更明显。一般来说,在对流层顶附近区域,L波段探空相对湿度偏干较明显,200 hPa附近及以上L波段探空相对湿度转为偏湿。在对流层顶以下,L波段探空与COSMIC掩星、ERA-Interim再分析相对湿度具有明显的正相关,对流层顶以上表现为负相关。     

塔中人工绿地与自然沙面辐射平衡对比研究

使用2014年5—9月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中大气环境观测实验站地表辐射观测资料,分析了塔中人工绿地与自然沙面在各种典型天气条件下的辐射分量特征差异。结果表明:人工绿地与自然沙面辐射平衡各分量最小值均出现在夜间,最大值出现在中午前后,总辐射和反射辐射日最大值出现在12:00;大气长波辐射日变化振幅较小,地面长波辐射日变化呈现不对称分布。晴天,人工绿地与自然沙面总辐射和净辐射变化幅度较小,自然沙面总辐射高于人工绿地;阴天,地面长波辐射略有减小,绿地大气长波辐射略有增加,总辐射和反射辐射减少,净辐射的变化受总辐射的影响,但减弱幅度小于总辐射;沙尘暴天气下,沙尘对辐射各分量影响明显,辐射各分量日变化不规则,人工绿地与自然沙面总辐射被明显削弱,日变化波动大。     

基于天地图API的综合服务管理系统设计与实现

"访民情、惠民生、聚民心"是新疆地区为了便于走访民众,了解民生,更好地做好群众路线,以及处理一些社会应急处突事件的一项具体活动。本文针对该项活动开发了综合服务管理系统,具体介绍了如何应用天地图API结合Web GIS服务技术、数据库技术来搭建活动综合服务管理系统平台,探讨了平台实现的技术路线与关键方法。使用天地图API搭建平台可以节约开发成本,缩短开发时间,带来高可靠、高性能、高质量和高效率的新系统,为实现新疆的稳定和长治久安提供技术保障和科学依据。     

山东省蓬莱市西南王金矿床地质特征与资源前景

西南王金矿床位于栖霞-蓬莱成矿带内,是蓬莱地区西部比较典型的缓倾斜薄层石英脉型金矿床。矿体受NNE—NE向断裂控制,倾向SE,倾角15°~25°,呈薄层脉状,分布于郭家岭序列罗家单元的斑状中粒含黑云二长花岗岩和谭格庄序列牟家单元的片麻状细粒奥长花岗岩中。该文通过对矿床地质特征与矿体空间赋存规律的研究,认为矿床深部及周边区域仍有较好的资源前景。     

基于功能点的海洋测绘软件成本估算的研究

软件规模在项目的计划与实施中具有指导性的作用。比较了多种软件规模估算方法的优缺点,给出了功能点法估算软件规模的方法和步骤。首先计算软件未调整功能点数,再根据复杂性因子调整功能点数,最后根据企业工资效率估算出软件的成本。并结合海洋测绘软件的实例,列举了该方法的实施过程。     

北极斯瓦尔巴、高亚洲和阿尔卑斯山冰川物质平衡对比研究

基于冰川物质平衡和平衡线高度数据,对北极斯瓦尔巴、高亚洲和阿尔卑斯山的冰川物质平衡变化和平衡线高度空间分布特征进行了对比分析,得出以下结论：（1）阿尔卑斯山冰川年均负物质平衡值最大,为-907 mm;斯瓦尔巴为-431 mm;高亚洲最小,为-264 mm。（2）高亚洲和斯瓦尔巴冰川物质平衡年振幅较小,年际变化较小;阿尔卑斯山冰川物质平衡年振幅较大,年际变化较大。斯瓦尔巴冰川物质平衡趋向正平衡,阿尔卑斯山和高亚洲冰川物质平衡趋向负平衡。（3）斯瓦尔巴内陆的冰川平衡线高度高于沿海地区,高亚洲冰川平衡线高度呈纬向地带性、经向地带性和区域地带性的分布规律,阿尔卑斯山的冰川平衡线高度主要受冰川所处海拔的影响。     

测绘应急保障测绘装备和资料的管理研究

通过建立测绘装备和测绘资料数据库,进行装备和资料的查询、分发操作,满足应急保障分队的测绘保障,提高了应急测绘保障能力。     

Effects of different soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes and flood processes in the Yanhe River,Loess Plateau,China

The runoff and sediment load of the Loess Plateau have changed significantly due to the implementation of soil and water conservation measures since the 1970s. However, the effects of soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes have rarely been considered. In this study, we investigated the variations in hydrological extremes and flood processes during different periods in the Yanhe River Basin (a tributary of the Loess Plateau) based on the daily mean runoff and 117 flood event data from 1956 to 2013. The study periods were divided into reference period (1956–1969), engineering measures period (1970–1995), and biological control measures period (1996–2013) according to the change points of the annual streamflow and the actual human activity in the basin. The results of the hydrological high extremes (HF1_max, HF3_max, HF7_max) exhibit a decreasing trend (P?<?0.01), whereas the hydrological low extremes (HBF1_min, HBF3_min, HBF7_min) show an increasing trend during 1956–2013. Compared with the hydrological extremes during the reference period, the hydrological high extremes increased during the engineering measures period at low (<?15%) and high frequency (>?80%), whereas decreased during the biological control measures period at almost all frequencies. The hydrological low extremes generally increased during both the engineering measures and biological control measures periods, particularly during the latter period. At the flood event scale, most flood event indices in connection with the runoff and sediment during the engineering measures period were significantly higher than those during the biological control measures period. The above results indicate that the ability to withstand hydrological extremes for the biological control measures was greater than that for the engineering measures in the studied basin. This work reveals the effects of different soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes in a typical basin of the Loess Plateau and hence can provide a useful reference for regional soil erosion control and disaster prevention policy-making.

     

我国深海矿产研究:进展与发现(2011—2020)

深海矿产是地球上尚未被人类充分认识和利用的最大潜在战略矿产资源,近十年我国在该领域的研究取得了重要进展。在太平洋国际海底区域申请到2块多金属结核勘探区、1块富钴结壳勘探区,在西南印度洋中脊申请到1块多金属硫化物勘探区。研究阐明了我国多金属结核和富钴结壳勘探区小尺度成矿规律,揭示了其成矿作用过程及古海洋古气候记录,探讨了关键金属元素富集机制。在西南印度洋、西北印度洋和南大西洋中脊发现了多处热液区,阐述了其成矿作用及控制因素,建立了超慢速扩洋中脊热液循环模型,探讨了拆离断层型热液成矿系统的成矿机制。在太平洋和印度洋划分了4个深海稀土成矿带,在中印度洋海盆、东南太平洋和西太平洋深海盆地发现了大面积富稀土沉积区,初步揭示了深海稀土的富集特征、分布规律、赋存状态和成矿机理。今后在继续加大深海矿产资源调查研究的同时,应聚焦深海关键金属成矿作用研究。